Cardiac arrhythmias are among the leading causes of mortality. They often arise from
alterations in the electrophysiological properties of cardiac cells and their underlying ionic …

▪ Abstract The normal electrophysiologic behavior of the heart is determined by ordered
propagation of excitatory stimuli that result in rapid depolarization and slow repolarization …

Cardiac arrhythmias can follow disruption of the normal cellular electrophysiological
processes underlying excitable activity and their tissue propagation as coherent wavefronts …

Cardiac electrical activity depends on the coordinated propagation of excitatory stimuli
through the heart and, as a consequence, the generation of action potentials in individual …

Cardiac myocytes are characterized by distinct structural and functional entities involved in
the generation and transmission of the action potential and the excitation-contraction …

Blood circulation is the result of the beating of the heart, which provides the mechanical
force to pump oxygenated blood to, and deoxygenated blood away from, the peripheral …

Rhythmic and effective cardiac contraction depends on appropriately timed generation and
spread of cardiac electrical activity. The basic cellular unit of such activity is the action …

Optimal cardiac function depends on proper timing of excitation and contraction in various
regions of the heart, as well as on appropriate heart rate. This is accomplished via …

Cardiac rhythms arise from electrical activity generated by precisely timed opening and
closing of ion channels in individual cardiac myocytes. These impulses spread throughout …

In an attempt to compensate for compromised hemodynamics in heart failure, neurohumoral
mechanisms are activated that trigger fundamental changes in gene expression and in …