There is considerable interest in optimizing the therapy for important infections in developing
countries and in making the best treatments readily available and inexpensive. There is also …

Objective: The objective of this review is to produce evidence on the prevalence and trends
in the availability of substandard and counterfeit antimicrobials in the global market and its …

Counterfeit and substandard products present a big challenge to any national plan or policy
devised to improve public health. Poor quality drug products are especially a problem in …

Antimicrobial resistance has become a major medical and public health problem worldwide.
This has been brought about by overuse and/or misuse of these drugs especially in …

Objective To explore the evidence available of poor-quality (counterfeit and substandard)
medicines in the literature. Design Systematic review. Data sources Databases used were …

Substandard/counterfeit antimicrobial drugs are a growing global problem. The most
common substandard/counterfeit antimicrobials include beta-lactams (among antibiotics) …

Substandard medicines pose a serious public health risk, especially in the developing
world. Produced by licensed manufacturers, these medicines are the product of poor …

Background Globally, millions of people have been affected by fraudulent pharmaceutical
products, particularly those in developing countries. Although the problem of falsified and …

Objective To assess the quality of antibiotics sampled from authorised sales outlets (ATs)(ie
hospitals/health centres, pharmacies and licensed chemical shops) and unauthorised sales …

Falsified and substandard medicines may undermine the progress toward the Sustainable
Development Goals. The present study investigated the quality of 13 essential medicines in …