(1) In compliance with the 3Rs policy to reduce, refine and replace animal experiments, the
development of advanced in vitro models is needed for nanotoxicity assessment. Cells …

Background With the continued integration of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) into
everyday applications, it is important to understand their potential for inducing adverse …

Background The liver has a crucial role in metabolic homeostasis as well as being the
principal detoxification centre of the body, removing xenobiotics and waste products which …

This study was undertaken to address the current deficient knowledge of cellular response
to nanosized particle exposure. The study evaluated the acute toxic effects of metal/metal …

The emergence of human-based models is incontestably required for the study of complex
physiological pathways and validation of reliable in vitro methods as alternative for in vivo …

Common 2D cell cultures do not adequately represent the functions of 3D tissues that have
extensive cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions, as well as markedly different …

Background Following exposure via inhalation, intratracheal instillation or ingestion some
nanomaterials (NM) have been shown to translocate to the liver. Since oxidative stress has …

Aims: The rapidly growing industrial and medical use of nanomaterials, especially zinc oxide
and titanium dioxide, has led to growing concerns about their toxicity. Accordingly, the …

The unique physicochemical properties of materials at nanoscale have opened a plethora of
opportunities for applications in the pharmaceutical and medical field, but also in consumer …

Nanoparticles (NPs), including nanometal oxides, are being used in diverse applications
such as medicine, clothing, cosmetics and food. In order to promote the safe development of …