Drosophila rely entirely on an innate immune response to combat microbial infection.
Diaminopimelic acid–containing peptidoglycan, produced by Gram-negative bacteria, is …

Activation of the innate immune response in Metazoans is initiated through the recognition of
microbes by host pattern-recognition receptors. In Drosophila, diaminopimelic acid (DAP) …

In innate immunity, pattern recognition molecules recognize cell wall components of
microorganisms and activate subsequent immune responses, such as the induction of …

Drosophila peptidoglycan recognition protein LC (PGRP-LC), a transmembrane protein
required for the response to bacterial infection, acts at the top of a cytoplasmic signaling …

The Drosophila antimicrobial response is one of the best characterized systems of pattern
recognition receptor-mediated defense in metazoans. Drosophila senses Gram-negative …

Drosophila peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP)-LCx and-LCa are receptors that
preferentially recognize meso-diaminopimelic acid (DAP)-type peptidoglycan (PGN) present …

Drosophila knockout mutants have placed peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) in
the two major pathways controlling immune gene expression. We now examine PGRP …

Innate immune recognition of microbes is a complex process that can be influenced by both
the host and the microbe. Drosophila uses two distinct immune signaling pathways, the Toll …

In Drosophila the synthesis of antimicrobial peptides in response to microbial infections is
under the control of the Toll and immune deficiency (Imd) signaling pathways. The Toll …

Insects rely primarily on innate immune responses to fight pathogens. In Drosophila,
antimicrobial peptides are key contributors to host defense. Antimicrobial peptide gene …