BACKGROUND: Attempts to improve the tolerability of combined oral contraceptives (COCs)
have included the substitution of ethinylestradiol (EE) with 17β-estradiol (E2). However, this …

Previous attempts to replace ethinylestradiol (EE) with 17β-estradiol (E2) in combined oral
contraceptives (COCs) have proved unsatisfactory in terms of bleeding outcomes. A review …

BACKGROUND: The estrogen step-down/progestogen step-up 28-day estradiol
valerate/dienogest (E2V/DNG) oral contraceptive effectively inhibits ovulation; however …

Natural estrogens such as estradiol (E2) or its valerate ester (E2V) offer an alternative to
ethinyl estradiol (EE). E2-containing combined oral contraceptives (COCs) have …

Combined oral contraceptives formulated to include estradiol (E2) have recently become
available for the indication of pregnancy prevention. A combined estradiol valerate and …

BACKGROUND: Estradiol valerate/dienogest (E2V/DNG) is a combined oral contraceptive
(COC) with 2 new hormonal entities and a unique 4-phasic dosing regimen indicated for …

Most combination oral contraceptives contain ethinyl estradiol and a progestin. A new and
novel oral contraceptive formulation combines estradiol valerate (E2V) with dienogest …

Background: This study investigated the efficacy and safety of a combined oral contraceptive
(COC) containing estradiol valerate/dienogest (E2V/DNG). Methods: This was a multicenter …

Objective To summarise all clinical data on the contraceptive efficacy and bleeding profile
associated with an oestradiol valerate (E2V) and dienogest (DNG)[E2V/DNG] combined oral …

This study compares the contraceptive reliability, cycle control, and tolerability of two oral
contraceptive preparations containing 20 μg of ethinyl estradiol combined with either 75 μg …