Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are important in the management of hypertension and
limit restenosis. Although CCB efficacy could derive from decreased blood pressure, other …

Objectives It has been recently shown that calcium channel blockers (CCBs) could also
control smooth muscle cell (SMC) growth/reactivity through mechanisms that were unrelated …

In clinical studies, dihydropyridine channel blockers (CCBs) improve endothelial dysfunction
in hypertensive patients and in patients with manifest atherosclerosis. Long-acting third …

Abnormal phenotypic switch of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) is a hallmark of
vascular disorders such as atherosclerosis and restenosis. And this process has been …

Objective—Cilostazol, a potent type 3 phosphodiesterase inhibitor, has recently been found
to reduce neointimal formation by inhibiting vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) …

Verapamil, an L‐type calcium channel blocker, has been used successfully to treat
cardiovascular diseases. Interestingly, we have recently shown that treatment of cancer cells …

Calcium channel antagonists have a well-established role in the management of
cardiovascular diseases. L-type calcium channels in vascular cells are a key therapeutic …

Voltage-gated calcium channel blockers are widely used for the management of
cardiovascular diseases, however little is known about their effects on cardiac cells in vitro …

Aims Restenosis is an undesirable consequence following percutaneous vascular
interventions. However, the current strategy for preventing restenosis is inadequate. The aim …

Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) represent a chemically and pharmacologically diverse
group of agents that are widely used for the treatment of hypertension and angina. A small …