Previous studies have shown that the translation level of in vitro transcribed messenger RNA
(mRNA) is enhanced when its uridines are replaced with pseudouridines; however, the …

Certain chemical modifications confer increased stability and low immunogenicity to in vitro
transcribed mRNAs, thereby facilitating expression of therapeutically important proteins …

Chemical modifications of RNAs have long been established as key modulators of
nonprotein-coding RNA structure and function in cells. There is a growing appreciation that …

The translation of mammalian ribosomal protein (rp) mRNAs is selectively repressed in
nongrowing cells. This response is mediated through a regulatory element residing in the …

Pseudouridine is enriched in ribosomal, spliceosomal, transfer, and messenger RNA and
thus integral to the central dogma. The chemical basis for how pseudouridine affects the …

Mammalian ribosomal protein (rp) mRNAs are subject to translational control, as illustrated
by their selective release from polyribosomes in growth-arrested cells and their …

Summary mRNA function is influenced by modifications that modulate canonical nucleobase
behavior. We show that a single modification mediates distinct impacts on mRNA translation …

The thymidine kinase gene of herpes simplex virus 1 was mutated by inserting
oligodeoxynucleotide linkers into the region of the gene corresponding to the 5'untranslated …

Pseudouridine (Ψ) was among the first post-transcriptional modifications discovered and is
overall one of the most abundant [1]. It is present in a wide range of cellular RNAs and is …

Abstract PKR, an interferon (IFN)-inducible protein kinase activated by double-stranded
RNA, inhibits translation by phosphorylating the initiation factor eIF2α chain. We show that …