Consistent differences in human behaviour are often explained with reference to personality
traits. Recent evidence suggests that similar traits are widespread across the entire animal …

Explaining consistent variation in the behaviour of individuals in terms of personality
differences is one of the cornerstones of understanding human behaviour but is seldom …

Natural selection often promotes a mix of behavioural phenotypes in a population. Adaptive
variation in the propensity to take risks might explain individual differences in shyness and …

In recent years, considerable research interest in behavioral ecology has focused on
characterizing and understanding individual differences in behavior that are consistent over …

The boldness of individual Brachyrhaphis episcopi, collected from regions of high and low
predation, was investigated using two independent assays:(1) the time to emerge from cover …

Animals are known to exhibit 'personality'; that is, individual differences in behaviour that are
consistent across time and/or situations. One axis of personality of particular importance for …

In recent years, evidence for interindividual variation in “personality” within animal
populations has been accumulating. Personality is defined as consistency in an individual's …

Animal personalities, composed of axes of consistent individual behaviors, are widely
reported and can have important fitness consequences. However, despite theoretical …

Individual variation in behaviour within populations may be explained in part by
demographics and long-term, stable individual psychological differences. We examined the …

Theoreticians predict that animal 'personality'traits may be maladaptive if fixed throughout
different contexts, so the present study aimed to test whether these traits are fixed or plastic …