The naïve view of tumors as isolated islands of rogue cells has given way to a deeper
understanding of cancer as being closer to a foreign organ. This “organ” contains …

In recent decades, cancer research has expanded exponentially beyond the study of
abnormally dividing cells to include complex and extensive heterotypic interactions between …

Patients with densely innervated tumors suffer with increased metastasis and decreased
survival as compared to those with less innervated tumors. We hypothesize that in some …

Exosomes are naturally occurring biological nanovesicles utilized by tumors to communicate
signals to local and remote cells and tissues. Melanoma exosomes can incite a …

Extracellular signaling is a necessity for tissue and organ system development,
maintenance, adaptation and survival. From the biologic unit of the cell to the complete …

The highlights of cancer research include the discovery of exosomes, which are small (30-
100 nm) sized vesicular nanoparticles released virtually by all cells. Tumor-derived …

Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently invasive malignancy and the leading cause of
tumor-related mortality among women worldwide. Cancer metastasis is a complex …

While tumour cells are classically known to communicate via direct cell-to-cell contact and
the secretion of soluble protein-based factors such as cytokines and growth factors …

A high intratumoral nerve density is correlated with poor survival, high metastasis, and high
recurrence across multiple solid tumor types. Recent research has revealed that cancer cells …

Tumor metastasis is a critical step in malignant progression of tumors and has been
implicated in the failure of most cancer therapeutics. One salient feature of metastasis is that …