Plants growing in any particular geographical location are exposed to variable and diverse
environmental conditions throughout their lifespan. The multifactorial environmental …

The multistep phosphorelay (MSP) is a central signaling pathway in plants integrating a
wide spectrum of hormonal and environmental inputs and controlling numerous …

Adverse environmental conditions that threaten plant growth and development are known as
environmental stresses. To survive stress, plants employ a complex set of distinct signaling …

The crosstalk between second messengers, hormones and mitogen-activated protein
kinases (MAPKs) in plant signalling systems facilitates adaptation and survival in the face of …

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) cascades are conserved signaling modules that
integrate multiple signaling pathways. One level of control on the activity of MAPKs is …

Protein phosphorylation modification is crucial for signaling transduction in plant
development and environmental adaptation. By precisely phosphorylating crucial …

The Arabidopsis multistep-phosphorelay (MSP) is a signaling mechanism based on a
phosphorelay that involves three different types of proteins: Histidine kinases …

Plants are an important part of nature because as photoautotrophs, they provide a nutrient
source for many other living organisms. Due to their sessile nature, to overcome both biotic …

Biotic stress factors pose a major threat to plant health and can significantly deteriorate plant
productivity by impairing the physiological functions of the plant. To combat the wide range …

Plants have evolved with complex signaling circuits that operate under multiple conditions
and govern numerous cellular functions. Stress signaling in plant cells is a sophisticated …