The functions of the lower urinary tract, to store and periodically release urine, are
dependent on the activity of smooth and striated muscles in the urinary bladder, urethra, and …

The lower urinary tract constitutes a functional unit controlled by a complex interplay
between the central and peripheral nervous systems and local regulatory factors. In the …

Introduction The normal bladder functions, storage and elimination of urine, are based on a
coordinated interplay of reciprocal contraction and relaxation of the bladder and the outflow …

To effectively control bladder activity, and to treat urinary incontinence caused by bladder
overactivity, identification of suitable targets for pharmacological intervention is necessary …

With the continued aging of the population, the incidence of conditions associated with
bladder control will continue to grow. In this article, we review the neurophysiology and …

Myogenic activity, distention of the detrusor, and signals from the urothelium may initiate
voiding. In the bladder, afferent nerves have been identified not only in the detrusor, but also …

The functions of the lower urinary tract, to store and periodically release urine, are
dependent on the activity of smooth and striated muscles in the bladder, urethra, and …

OBJECTIVES: To provide an overview of the basis for drug treatment of the overactive
bladder. METHODS: Published information is evaluated. RESULTS: The causes of bladder …

The well-known side effects of antimuscarinic drugs have focused interest on other ways of
treating overactive bladder. Targets for pharmacologic intervention may be found in the …

The bladder and its outlet, the urethra, primarily serve two functions:(1) to store urine without
leakage at low pressures and (2) to expel urine periodically through a relaxed outlet. These …