Interorganellar cooperation maintained via exquisitely controlled retrograde-signaling
pathways is an evolutionary necessity for maintenance of cellular homeostasis. This …

Understanding how cell organelles and compartments communicate with each other has
always been an important field of knowledge widely explored by many researchers …

Plastid-to-nucleus signaling is essential for the coordination and adjustment of cellular
metabolism in response to environmental and developmental cues of plant cells. A variety of …

Plants have evolved a multitude of strategies to adjust their growth according to external and
internal signals. Interconnected metabolic and phytohormonal signalling networks allow …

Plants are equipped with the capacity to respond to a large number of diverse signals, both
internal ones and those emanating from the environment, that are critical to their survival …

The genetic compartments of plant cells, nuclei, plastids and mitochondria exchange
information by anterograde (nucleus-to-organelle) and retrograde (organelle-to-nucleus) …

The concept of retrograde signaling posits that signals originating from chloroplasts or
mitochondria modulate the expression of nuclear genes. A popular scenario assumes that …

Plants are the foundation of terrestrial ecosystems, and their colonization of land was
probably facilitated by mutualistic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Following …

To coordinate growth, development and responses to environmental stimuli, plant cells need
to communicate the metabolic state between different sub-compartments of the cell. This …

Organelles produce ATP and a variety of vital metabolites, and are indispensable for plant
development. While most of their original gene complements have been transferred to the …