Spasticity, muscle stiffness and contracture cause severe disability after central nervous
system injury. However, current treatment options for spasticity produce muscle weakness …

Histolopathological studies have demonstrated a generalized increase in extracellular
connective tissue in spastic muscles. It is known that increased connective tissue in an …

Objective Ultrasound elastography is an emerging diagnostic technology used to investigate
the biomechanical properties of the musculoskeletal system. The purpose of this study was …

The purpose of this study was to provide imaging evidence of increased glycosaminoglycan
(GAG) content in patients with post-stroke muscle stiffness; and to determine the effect of …

Hyaluronan (HA) is a high molecular weight glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix
(ECM), which is particularly abundant in soft connective tissues. Solutions of HA can be …

Background: Hemiplegic shoulder pain (HSP) is one of the most common comorbidities in
stroke patients with flaccid shoulders. The pain limits functional motor recovery and affects …

Aim To determine the dose–response relationship of collagenase Clostridium histolyticum
(CCH) on collagen content and the change in muscle fiber bundle stiffness after ex vivo …

Background Post-stroke muscle stiffness is a major challenge in the rehabilitation of stroke
survivors, with no gold standard in clinical assessment. Muscle stiffness is typically …

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of intra-articular hyaluronic acid (IAHA) injection for
hemiplegic shoulder pain (HSP) after stroke. Methods Thirty-one patients with HSP and …

Background Post-stroke spasticity contributes to impairments, disabilities and decline in
quality of life. Quantitative measurements of spasticity are needed in order to assess the …