Objective: The physicochemical approach, described by Stewart to investigate the acid–
base balance, includes the strong ion gap (SIG), a quantitative measure of “unmeasured” …

Acid-base disorders are frequently encountered in the intensive care unit (ICU). One of the
most common and worrisome acid-base disorders seen by ICU physicians is metabolic …

Background: Intensivists spend much of their time managing problems related to fluids,
electrolytes, and blood pH. Recent advances in the understanding of acid-base physiology …

Venous serum electrolyte concentrations are measured daily in almost all intensive care unit
patients. From these measurements, an anion gap can be readily calculated. The anion gap …

Objectives: The Stewart approach states that pH is primarily determined by Pco 2, strong ion
difference (SID), and nonvolatile weak acids. This method might identify severe metabolic …

Unmeasured anions in critically ill patients: Can they predi... : Critical Care Medicine
Unmeasured anions in critically ill patients: Can they predict mortality?* : Critical Care …

Objective: To describe the composition of metabolic acidosis in patients with severe sepsis
and septic shock at intensive care unit admission and throughout the first 5 days of intensive …

There is growing interest in quantitative physical chemical analysis of acid-base physiology
among intensivists. Acid-base dilemmas seen in the intensive care unit are not always well …

Objective: To quantitate the contribution of lactate, phosphate, urate, total serum proteins,
and unidentified anions to the anion gap in patients with severe sepsis. Design: Thirty …

Acid-base abnormalities are extremely common in modern ICUs. Although most cases are
mild and self-limiting, there are certain circumstances in which acid-base derangements are …