Review Low-flow anesthesia: Theory, practice, technical preconditions, advantages, and
foreign gas accumulation Page 1 166 JA Baum: Low-flow anesthesia J Anesth (1999) 13:166–174 …

Although many anaesthesia machines are equipped with circle rebreathing systems,
inhalational anaesthesia remains frequently performed using relatively high fresh‐gas flows …

As early as 1850 John Snow (1813-53) recognized that inhalation anaesthetics were
exhaled mostly unchanged in the expired air of anaesthetized patients. He concluded that …

Minimal Flow Anesthesia, an extreme technique of semiclosed use of rebreathing systems
performed with a fresh gas flow of 0.5 l/min, can be managed with already available …

This issue of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care celebrates the concept of using minimal gas
inflow to anaesthesia rebreathing circuits during the course of general anaesthesia. The …

Purpose To descnbe the pharmacokinetic behaviour and practical aspects of low (0.5–1l·
min− 1) and minimal (0.25–0.5 l· min− 1) flow anaesthesia. Methods A Medline search …

There is no universally accepted definition of low-flow anaesthesia, though it certainly
implies a carrier gas flow less than that attainable with a non-absorber breathing system …

Background The immediate cost of an inhaled anesthetic results from an interplay between
four factors:(1) the cost per milliliter of liquid anesthetic,(2) the volume of vapor that results …

An 8‐week survey was conducted to determine whether the introduction of low‐flow
anaesthesia (a fresh gas flow of 4 litres/minute or less) into routine use would be acceptable …

During the inhalation of anaesthesia use of low fresh gas flow (0.35-1 L/min) has some
important advantages. There are three areas of benefit: pulmonary-anaesthesia with low …