Multiheme cytochromes play key roles in diverse biogeochemical cycles, but understanding
the origin and evolution of these proteins is a challenge due to their ancient origin and …

Oxidoreductases mediate electron transfer (ie, redox) reactions across the tree of life and
ultimately facilitate the biologically driven fluxes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and …

Prokaryotes use a wide variety of bioenergetic pathways but the order of emergence of
these pathways and their evolutionary relationships are still unresolved issues. In this study …

The biogeochemical nitrogen cycle is mediated by many groups of microorganisms that
harbour octahaem cytochromes c (OCC). In this study molecular evolutionary analyses and …

Oxidoreductases catalyze electron transfer reactions that ultimately provide the energy for
life. A limited set of ancestral protein-metal modules are presumably the building blocks that …

The RNA World is one of the most widely accepted hypotheses explaining the origin of the
genetic system used by all organisms today. It proposes that the tripartite system of DNA …

The nitrogenase metalloenzyme family, essential for supplying fixed nitrogen to the
biosphere, is one of life's key biogeochemical innovations. The three forms of nitrogenase …

Iron is the most abundant redox active metal on Earth and thus provides one of the most
important records of the redox state of Earth's ancient atmosphere, oceans and landmasses …

Background Redox enzyme maturation proteins (REMPs) describe a diverse family of
prokaryotic chaperones involved in the biogenesis of anaerobic complex iron sulfur …

Abstract [Fesingle bondS] clusters are co-factors that are essential for life and are
synthesized by dedicated multiprotein cellular machineries. In this review, we present the …