Background: Stress and everyday problems may impact memory and cognition. Therefore,
many people use cognitive enhancers (CEs), sold for prescription, as over-the-counter …

Aims The purpose of this study is to analyse the use of cognitive enhancers among medical
students in Lithuania, determine the reasons for usage and evaluate the contributing factors …

International media has paid attention to the use of substances by healthy subjects to
enhance cognitive performance. Medical students are liable to use cognitive enhancers …

Introduction: Cognitive enhancers (CEs), also known as “smart drugs”,“study aids” or
“nootropics” are a cause of concern. Recent research studies investigated the use of CEs …

IntroductionUse of prescription psychostimulants and nootropics for non-medical purpose is
a growing trend, especially in academic environment. Seeing the risks of …

The nonmedical use of prescription drugs to improve cognitive performance has gained
attention due to concerns over its social and political implications as well as side effects and …

Background: Pharmacological cognitive enhancement, using chemicals to change cellular
processes in the brain in order to enhance one's cognitive capacities, is an often discussed …

Cognitive enhancers include a wide range of substances including prescription medication
for attentional deficient disorders and pharmacological substances for cognitive …

Abstract Introduction and Aims Cognitive enhancers (CE) such as methylphenidate,
amphetamines and modafinil are becoming more commonly used in non‐medical situations …

Pharmaceutical cognitive enhancement (PCE) represents the non-medical use of prescribed
medication for the improvement of cognitive functioning and academic performance …