BackgroundChronic early trauma alters children's stress reactivity and increases the
prevalence of anxiety disorders; yet the neuroendocrine and immune mechanisms …

The relations between stress, HPA-axis, and the immune system have been extensively
studied; however, no study to date addressed the joint contribution of immune and HPA …

Background Maternal psychopathology and caregiving behavior are linked with child
anxiety and these associations may be particularly salient when families face mass trauma …

Maternal trauma has intergenerational implications, including worse birth outcomes, altered
brain morphology, and poorer mental health. Research investigating intergenerational …

While chronic early stress increases child susceptibility to psychopathology, risk and
resilience trajectories are shaped by maternal social influences whose role requires much …

Background Exposure to maternal depression bears long‐term negative consequences for
children's well‐being. Yet, no study has tested the joint contribution of maternal and child's …

Research indicates that risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is shaped by the
interaction between genetic vulnerability and early caregiving experiences; yet, caregiving …

Early life stress (ELS) is common in the United States and worldwide, and contributes to the
development of psychopathology in individuals with these experiences and their offspring. A …

Introduction Existing research highlights interactions among child temperament, parents'
own anxiety symptoms, and parenting in predicting increased risk for anxiety symptom …

Prenatal stress negatively affects fetal development, which in turn may affect infant
hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis regulation and behavioral functioning. We …