Vaccines are considered the most economical and effective preventive measure against
most deadly infectious diseases. Vaccines help protect around three million lives every year …

All vaccines are susceptible to damage by elevated temperatures and many are also
damaged by freezing. The distribution, storage, and use of vaccines therefore present …

The stability of vaccines has a major impact on the success of immunization programmes
worldwide. In line with this, clear definition of the stability characteristics of a vaccine is of …

Instability of vaccines often emerges as a key challenge during clinical development (lab to
clinic) as well as commercial distribution (factory to patient). To yield stable, efficacious …

With the continuous emergence of new infectious diseases and new strains of current
diseases, such as the novel H1N1 influenza in 2009, in combination with expanding …

A number of product development partnerships are actively developing new vaccines to
combat infectious diseases in developing countries. To be effective, the products under …

The complexity of vaccines creates a unique formulation challenge. Vaccines may consist of
one or more types of antigenic component including live attenuated or killed viral or bacterial …

Vaccine stability is a key factor to preserve vaccine potency and efficiency, as its potency
decays over time and during temperature changes. The choice of stabilizers for viral vaccine …

Stability evaluation supporting vaccine licensure includes studies of bulk intermediates as
well as final container product. Long-term and accelerated studies are performed to support …

Introduction Vaccines represent he most common and safer ways of combating infectious
diseases. Loss of potency owing to thermal denaturation or degradation of almost all the …