Even though studies have shown that prenatal maternal stress is associated with increased
reactivity of the HPA axis, the association between prenatal maternal stress and fetal …

Prenatal stress programmes long-lasting neuroendocrine and behavioural changes in the
offspring. Often this programming is maladaptive and sex specific. For example, using a rat …

It is becoming increasingly evident that maternal exposure to adversity during pregnancy
leads to life-long effects in offspring. While there appears to be some commonality in the …

A number of prenatal experiences are associated with adverse outcomes after birth, ranging
from cardiovascular problems to psychiatric disease. Prenatal stress is associated with …

Prenatal stress (PS) is associated with increased vulnerability to affective disorders.
Transplacental glucocorticoid passage and stress-induced maternal environment alterations …

Stress has significant consequences throughout the lifetime. However, when it occurs early
in life, the implications may be particularly profound and long lasting. Evidence suggests that …

Abstract Development in utero is recognised as a determinant of health in later life, a
concept known as early life 'programming'. Several studies in humans have now shown a …

Behavioral perinatology is as an interdisciplinary area of research that involves
conceptualization of theoretical models and conduct of empirical studies of the dynamic time …

A growing body of research shows that prenatal stress can have significant effects on
pregnancy, maternal health and human development across the lifespan. These effects may …

Adverse experiences during gestation such as maternal stress and infection are known risk
factors for neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia, autism, and attention …