Background Football (soccer) players might be at increased risk of neurodegenerative
disease, which has led to questions regarding the safety of the sport and recent measures …

Background Neurodegenerative disorders have been reported in elite athletes who
participated in contact sports. The incidence of neurodegenerative disease among former …

Importance Neurodegenerative disease mortality is higher among former professional
soccer players than general population controls. However, the factors contributing to …

Objective: To analyze neurodegenerative causes of death, specifically Alzheimer disease
(AD), Parkinson disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), among a cohort of …

Importance Studies of American-style football players have suggested lower overall mortality
rates compared with general populations, but with possibly increased neurodegenerative …

Objective To quantify US female and male Olympic athletes' longevity and the years of life
lost or saved due to multiple causes of death as compared with the US general population …

Aim To investigate life expectancy and mortality among former elite athletes and controls.
Methods HR analysis of cause-specific deaths sourced from the national death registry for …

Objective Concern exists about possible problems with later-in-life brain health, such as
cognitive impairment, mental health problems and neurological diseases, in former athletes …

Background: Neuropathology and surveys of retired National Football League (NFL) players
suggest that chronic brain damage is a frequent result of a career in football. There is limited …

Objectives: The objective of the study is to investigate the mortality experience of Italian
soccer players and to discuss the findings in the light of possible long term effects of doping …