Our understanding of the organization of the basal ganglia has advanced markedly over the
last 10 years, mainly due to increased knowledge of their anatomical, neurochemical and …

The concept of organization of the basal ganglia has changed markedly over the last 10
years. These developments have led to the introduction of a schematic model of the …

Recent neuroanatomical studies undertaken with various powerful neural tracing methods
have radically changed our concept of the organization of the basal ganglia. This paper …

T he basal ganglia are undoubtedly among the most complex and least understood
structures in the mammalian forebrain and, as in the case of the cerebral cortex, to which …

Concepts of basal ganglia organization have changed markedly over the past decade, due
to significant advances in our understanding of the anatomy, physiology and pharmacology …

Studies of single-cell discharge in the basal ganglia of behaving primates have revealed:(1)
characteristic patterns of spontaneous discharge in the striatum, external (GPe) and internal …

Anatomical findings in primates and rodents have led to a description of several parallel
segregated basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits leading from a distinct frontocortical area …

The subthalamic nucleus and the external pallidum (GPe) are classically viewed as part of
the so-called indirect pathway, which acts in concert with the direct pathway. The direct and …

The basal ganglia are a group of subcortical nuclei involved in a variety of processes
including motor, cognitive and mnemonic functions. One of their major roles is to integrate …

This paper reviews some of the recent findings on different aspects of the anatomical
organization of the basal ganglia. Attempts have been made to delineate the anatomical …