In chronic hepatitis B and C virus infections persistently elevated antigen levels drive CD8+
T cells toward a peculiar differentiation state known as T cell exhaustion, which poses …

Background & Aims In chronic HBV infection, elevated reactive oxygen species levels
derived from dysfunctional mitochondria can cause increased protein oxidation and DNA …

About 500 million people all over the world are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus
(HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) and are thus at high risk of developing liver fibrosis …

The hepatitis B and C viruses persist by evasion of T cell immunity. Persistence depends
upon premature failure of CD4+ T cell help and loss of CD8+ T cell control because of …

T cells undergo profound metabolic changes to meet the increased energy demands of
maintaining an antiviral response. We postulated that differences in metabolic …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific CD8 T cells are functionally exhausted in chronic hepatitis B
infection, and this condition can be corrected only partially through the modulation of …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality
through chronic hepatitis that may progress to liver cirrhosis and cancer. The central role …

T-cell exhaustion is a phenomenon of dysfunction or physical elimination of antigen-specific
T cells reported in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and …

The inflamed liver in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (CHB) is characterized by a
large influx of non–virus-specific CD8 T cells. Little is known about the functional capacity of …

Chronic viral hepatitis infections are a major public health concern, with an estimated 290
million individuals infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) globally. This virus has been a …