Background As pain is often a comorbid condition, many patients use opioid analgesics in
combination with several other drugs. This implies a generally increased risk of drug …

Aim A finite number of variants in the OPRM1, COMT, MC1R, ABCB1 and CYP2D6 genes
has been identified to significantly modulate the effects of opioids in controlled homogenous …

Opioid analgesics are the standards of care for the treatment of moderate to severe
nociceptive pain, particularly in the setting of cancer and surgery. Their analgesic properties …

The peer-reviewed literature yields a plethora of examples of variability in patient's
responses to medications. The rapidly progressing field of pharmacogenetics offers insight …

This review uses a candidate gene approach to identify possible pharmacogenetic
modulators of opioid therapy, and discusses these modulators together with demonstrated …

Variation exists in patient response on analgesic treatment in terms of efficacy and safety.
This variation may be in part explained by pharmacogenomics. This paper aimed to review …

Background: A major challenge for effective pharmacotherapy in pain management is to
provide the drug best suited to the patient's innate characteristics. Objective: The article …

Background Adequate opioid prescribing is critical for therapeutic success of pain
management. Despite the widespread use of opioids, optimized opioid therapy remains …

Background Opioid analgesics are frequently prescribed to manage acute and chronic pain,
but individual differences in opioid response make effective pain control in all patients an …

Despite the various different candidate genetic polymorphisms of potential clinical
relevance, there is not enough understanding of the inter‑individual variability in analgesic …