Background Although inflammation can alter cytokines release and nerve function, it is not
yet fully established if orthodontic‐induced inflammation can cause significant extraoral …

AIM: The aim of the study was to investigate whether chewing gum (CG) can reduce pain as
compared to non-CG (NG) after orthodontic elastomeric separators placement. MATERIALS …

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of orthodontic treatment on systemic levels
of the inflammatory markers, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and …

Introduction An effective space opening for band placement with minimal pain and gingival
inflammation is a prime requisite during fixed orthodontic procedures. The study aimed to …

This systematic review aimed to generate evidence on role of potent markers of
inflammation [cytokines, chemokines, their associated receptors and antagonists] following …

Pain is common in orthodontic treatment, is subject to individual variation, and is associated
with anxiety and stress, which can potentially become catastrophizing. The aim of the …

Introduction: Pain related to orthodontic tooth movement is common and cause
dissatisfaction and discomfort. Objective: The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of …

Pain resulting from the application of orthodontic forces varies markedly across individuals.
The reasons of this variability are still largely unknown. To investigate factors that may be …

Introduction Orthodontic patients usually complain about masticatory limitations associated
with the activation of fixed appliances. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate whether …

Aim: Cytokines are crucial low-molecular-weight proteins involved in immune responses.
This systematic review highlights the need for in-depth studies on cytokines' biological …