Directly activating CD8+ T cells within the tumor through antigen-presenting cells (APCs)
hold promise for tumor elimination. However, M2-like tumor-associated macrophages …

Abstract Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), as one of the most abundant tumour-
infiltrating immune cells, play a pivotal role in tumour antigen clearance and immune …

The hypoxic and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) generally weaken the
efficacy of immunotherapy in solid tumors. However, reversing TME remains a formidable …

Immunotherapy has achieved prominent clinical efficacy in combating cancer and has
recently become a mainstream treatment strategy. However, achieving broad efficacy with a …

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a crucial role in creating an immunosuppressive
environment and remodeling the extracellular matrix within tumors, leading to chemotherapy …

Despite their potential, conventional whole-cell cancer vaccines prepared by freeze–
thawing or irradiation have shown limited therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials. Recent …

Induction of potent immune responses toward tumors remains challenging in cancer
immunotherapy, in which it only showed benefits in a minority of patients with “hot” tumors …

Tumors managing to exempt from immune clearance are attributable to their overexpressed
immune suppressive molecules (CD47, PD-L1, etc.). Leadingly, the checkpoint blockade …

Mounting evidence suggests that immunotherapies are a promising new class of anticancer
therapies. However, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), poor …

In tumor nanovaccines, nanocarriers enhance the delivery of tumor antigens to antigen-
presenting cells (APCs), thereby ensuring the robust activation of tumor antigen-specific …