Fast transfer of information in groups can have survival value. An example is the so-called
wave of agitation observed in groups of animals of several taxa under attack. It has been …

When a predator attacks a flock of starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), involving thousands of
individuals, a typical collective escape response is the so-called agitation wave, consisting …

Collective behaviour of animals has been a main focus of recent research, yet few empirical
studies deal with this issue in the context of predation, a major driver of social complexity in …

Moving in a group while avoiding collisions with group members causes internal dynamics
in the group. Although these dynamics have recently been measured quantitatively in …

The formation of waves is a vivid example of collective behaviour occurring in insects, birds,
fish and mammals, which has been interpreted as an antipredator response. In birds a …

The confusion effect describes the phenomenon of decreasing predator attack success with
increasing prey group size. However, there is a paucity of research into the influence of this …

Social foraging differs from individual foraging because it alters both resource availability
and the forager's behavior. We examined responses of starlings to the presence of …

Flocking is a paradigmatic example of collective animal behaviour, where global order
emerges out of self-organization. Each individual has a tendency to align its flight direction …

How animals in groups coordinate their movements to produce cohesive collective patterns
has been the subject of many models but remains poorly documented empirically in the …

Moving in groups offers animals protection against predation. When under attack, grouped
individuals often turn collectively to evade a predator, which sometimes makes them rapidly …