Despite the development of highly effective treatments for relapsing–remitting multiple
sclerosis (MS), limited progress has been made in addressing primary progressive or …

There are over 15 disease-modifying drugs that have been approved over the last 20 years
for the treatment of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), but there are limited …

Therapeutically controlling chronic progression in multiple sclerosis (MS) remains a major
challenge. MS progression is defined as a steady loss of parenchymal and functional …

Along with microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages, macrophages in the perivascular
space, choroid plexus, and meninges are the principal effector cells in neuroinflammatory …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disorder causing central nervous system (CNS)
demyelination and axonal injury. Although its etiology remains elusive, several lines of …

Microglia originate from myeloid progenitors in the embryonic yolk sac and play an integral
role in central nervous system (CNS) development, immune surveillance and repair. The …

The pathology in neurodegenerative diseases is often accompanied by inflammation. It is
well-known that many cells within the central nervous system (CNS) also contribute to …

Emerging data point to important contributions of both autoimmune inflammation and
progressive degeneration in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). Unfortunately …

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by multiple focal
lesions, ongoing demyelination and, for most people, a lack of remyelination. MS lesions are …

The rapidly evolving therapeutic landscape of multiple sclerosis (MS) has contributed to
paradigm shifts in our understanding of the biological mechanisms that contribute to CNS …