The primal need for nutrients is satisfied by mechanisms for sensing internal stores and
detecting food; ATP is the most primitive signal. With increasing density of sensory neurons …

Currently the only effective treatment for morbid obesity with a proven mortality benefit is
surgical intervention. The underlying mechanisms of these surgical techniques are unclear …

Food interacts with sensors all along the alimentary canal to provide the brain with
information regarding its composition, energy content, and beneficial effect. Vagal afferents …

Despite standardized surgical technique and peri-operative care, metabolic outcomes of
bariatric surgery are not uniform. Adaptive changes in brain function may play a crucial role …

The nervous system both monitors and modulates body metabolism to maintain
homoeostasis. In disease states such as obesity and diabetes, the neurometabolic interface …

This review highlights evidence for a role of the vagus nerve in the development of obesity
and how targeting the vagus nerve with neuromodulation or pharmacology can be used as a …

Given the crucial role of the gastrointestinal tract and associated organs in handling nutrient
assimilation and metabolism, it has long been known that its communication with the brain is …

The prevalence of obesity, and the cluster of serious metabolic diseases it is associated
with, continues to rise globally, and hopes for effective treatment with drugs have been …

The major goal of obesity therapy is to reduce body weight and improve comorbidities,
thereby improving the patient's quality and length of life [1]. Obesity treatment involves 2 …

Although the gastrointestinal tract contains intrinsic neural plexuses that allow a significant
degree of independent control over gastrointestinal functions, the central nervous system …