Measurement error is present in all quantitative studies, and ensuring proper biological
inference requires that the effects of measurement error are fully scrutinized, understood …

Geometric morphometrics—a set of methods for the statistical analysis of shape once
saluted as a revolutionary advancement in the analysis of morphology—is now mature and …

Geometric morphometrics is routinely used in ecology and evolution and morphometric
datasets are increasingly shared among researchers, allowing for more comprehensive …

The textbook literature of principal components analysis (PCA) dates from a period when
statistical computing was much less powerful than it is today and the dimensionality of data …

Random measurement error is ubiquitous in morphometric data, and it can cause serious
statistical problems. We stress that measurement error is a potential problem primarily when …

Many ecological and evolutionary studies seek to explain patterns of shape variation and its
covariation with other variables. Geometric morphometrics is often used for this purpose …

Although the theory and methods of the relatively new field of geometric morphometrics are
becoming well developed (for an overview, see [1]), it has not yet been applied as widely as …

Geometric morphometric (GM) tools are essential for meaningfully quantifying and
understanding patterns of variation in complex traits like shape. In this field, the breadth of …

Summary The application of Geometric Morphometrics has remarkably increased since 3D
imaging techniques have become widespread, such as high‐resolution computerised …

One of the most basic but problematic issues in modern morphometrics is how many
specimens one needs to achieve accuracy in samples. Indeed, this is one of the most …