Host control over infectious disease relies on the ability of cells in multicellular organisms to
detect and defend against pathogens to prevent disease. Evolution affords mammals with a …

Programmed necrosis mediated by receptor interacting protein kinase (RIP) 3 (also called
RIPK3) has emerged as an alternate death pathway triggered by TNF family death …

Programmed cell death is an integral part of host defense against invading intracellular
pathogens. Apoptosis, programmed necrosis, and pyroptosis each serve to limit pathogen …

Apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis represent three major regulated cell death modalities.
Apoptosis features cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation and cytoplasm-blebbing …

Programmed cell death is an important facet of host–pathogen interactions. Although
apoptosis has long been implicated as the major form of programmed cell death in host …

Viral infection is often accompanied by the death of host cells. Living as intracellular
parasites, viruses have adapted to employ cellular replication, transcription, and translation …

Immunological responses activated by pathogen recognition come in many guises. The
proliferation, differentiation and recruitment of immune cells, and the production of …

Cell death is a common outcome of virus infection. In some cases, cell death curbs virus
replication. In others, cell death enhances virus dissemination and contributes to tissue …

In the struggle between virus and host, control over the cell's death machinery is crucial for
survival. Viruses are obligatory intracellular parasites and, as such, must modulate apoptotic …

Programmed cell death is any process by which cells participate in their own death. Cell
suicide programs are facilitated by the actions of gene products encoded by the cell …