BACKGROUND: Major depression occurs in 4.4% to 20% of the general population. Studies
suggest that major depression is accompanied by immune dysregulation and activation of …

Cytokines have been implicated in the pathology of depression. Currently, the evidence is
based on cross-sectional studies and meta-analytic research comparing blood …

Cumulative meta-analyses are used to evaluate the extent to which further studies are
needed to confirm or refute a hypothesis. We used this approach to assess observational …

BACKGROUND: Depression has been associated with activation of the immune system.
Some studies have shown increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with …

To clarify findings of elevated cytokine levels in major depression (MD), this study aimed to
investigate the relationship between serum levels of cytokines, symptoms of MD and …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common condition that afflicts the general population
across a broad spectrum of ages and social backgrounds. The inflammatory hypothesis of …

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Growing scientific evidence indicates that there is a
correlation between depression and alternations in the immune system. The main aim of the …

Serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, for example, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα),
interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1 beta (IL-1β), are elevated in subjects with major depressive …

Introduction: There is mixed evidence in the literature on the role of inflammation in major
depressive disorder. Contradictory findings are attributed to lack of rigorous characterization …

Objective To conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies that measured
cytokine and chemokine levels in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) …