Renal tissue hypoperfusion and hypoxia are key elements in the pathophysiology of acute
kidney injury and its progression to chronic kidney disease. Yet, in vivo assessment of renal …

Oxygenation status plays a major role in renal physiology and pathophysiology, and thus
has attracted considerable attention in recent years. While much of the early work and a …

Blood oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD MRI) has recently
emerged as an important noninvasive technique to assess intrarenal oxygenation under …

This is a review of blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) MRI as applied to the kidney.
It has been shown that BOLD MRI measurements reflect changes in renal oxygenation …

Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has
been applied to investigate kidney oxygenation in human patients. These investigations …

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, a non-invasive modality that provides anatomic and
physiologic information, is increasingly used for diagnosis of pathophysiologic conditions …

Blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) MRI was shown to allow non‐invasive
observation of renal oxygenation in humans. However, clinical applications of this type of …

BOLD-MRI (blood oxygenation-level dependent magnetic resonance imaging) allows non-
invasive measurement of renal tissue oxygenation in humans, without the need for contrast …

Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) MRI data of kidney, while indicative of tissue
oxygenation level (Po2), is in fact influenced by multiple confounding factors, such as R2 …

Introduction Kidney blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI) has shown great promise in evaluating relative oxygen availability. This …