Background: The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Nef protein is required for
efficient virus replication in vivo and displays a number of distinct and apparently unrelated …

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) accessory protein Nef stimulates viral
infectivity by an unknown mechanism. Recent studies have suggested that Nef may act by …

Abstract Background: Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection decreases the cell-
surface expression of its cellular receptor, CD4, through the combined actions of Nef, Env …

Recent evidence indicates that the nef gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 1
augments rather than inhibits viral replication in both cell culture and in vivo models. In …

Three viral proteins participate in the down-modulation of CD4 in human immunodeficiency
virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected cells. The underlying mechanisms have been extensively …

The nef gene product of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) promotes more-rapid
kinetics of viral replication in primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We have …

The accessory protein Nef plays a crucial role in primate lentivirus pathogenesis. Nef
enhances human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infectivity in culture and stimulates …

The HIV-1 Nef protein causes a decrease in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I
and CD4 molecule expression on the cell surface. To determine if Nef can affect …

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef down-regulates surface expression of murine
and human CD4 but not human CD8. We recently reported that the cytoplasmic domain of …

One of the hallmarks of human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) infection is the rapid
removal of the viral receptor CD4 from the cell surface. This remarkably efficient receptor …