Lung cancer (LC) is one of the leading causes of cancer occurrence and mortality
worldwide. Treatment of patients with advanced and metastatic LC presents a significant …

Lung cancer is the second most prevalent cancer and the leading cause of cancer‐related
death worldwide. Surgery, chemotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and …

Lung cancer continues to be a malignant tumor with high mortality. Two obstacles interfere
with curative therapy of lung cancer:(i) poor diagnosis at the early stages, as symptoms are …

Drug resistance is the most significant causes of cancer chemotherapy failure. Various
mechanisms of drug resistance include tumor heterogeneity, tumor microenvironment …

Cancer often develops multidrug resistance (MDR) when cancer cells become resistant to
numerous structurally and functionally different chemotherapeutic agents. MDR is …

Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality around the globe and is likely
to become the major cause of global death in the coming years. As per World Health …

Chemotherapy remains a powerful tool to eliminate malignant cells. However, the efficacy of
chemotherapy is compromised by the frequent emergence of intrinsic and acquired …

Chemotherapy typically involves the use of specific chemodrugs to inhibit the proliferation of
cancer cells, but the frequent emergence of a variety of multidrug‐resistant cancer cells …

Nanomedicine is an emerging form of therapy that focuses on alternative drug delivery and
improvement of the treatment efficacy while reducing detrimental side effects to normal …

Patient relapse and metastasis of malignant cells is very common after standard cancer
treatment with surgery, radiation, and/or chemotherapy. Chemotherapy, a cornerstone in the …