Background & aims Malnutrition has been recognized as a major risk factor for adverse
postoperative outcomes. The ESPEN Symposium on perioperative nutrition was held in …

Surgery represents a major stressor that disrupts homeostasis and can lead to loss of body
cell mass. Integrated, multidisciplinary medical strategies, including enhanced recovery …

Poor nutrition status has long been linked to increases in postoperative complications and
adverse outcomes for the patient undergoing elective surgery. While optimal planning for …

Early oral feeding is the preferred mode of nutrition for surgical patients. Avoidance of any
nutritional therapy bears the risk of underfeeding during the postoperative course after major …

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews and meta-analyses have shown
that carbohydrate loading before surgery increases insulin sensitivity, reduces postoperative …

Early oral feeding is the preferred mode of nutrition for surgical patients. Avoidance of any
nutritional therapy bears the risk of underfeeding during the postoperative course after major …

To reduce surgical stress, insulin resistance, unnecessary protein losses and postoperative
complications, the use of an ERAS protocol is important. Current data shows that the use of …

An optimal nutritional state is an important consideration in providing successful operative
outcomes. Unfortunately, many aspects of surgery are not constructive to providing this. In …

Pre‐operative nutrition therapy is increasingly recognised as an essential component of
surgical care. The present review has been formatted using Simon Sinek's Golden Circle …

Perioperative malnutrition has proven to be challenging to define, diagnose, and treat.
Despite these challenges, it is well known that suboptimal nutritional status is a strong …