Sex differences have been reported for diseases of the musculoskeletal system (MSK) as
well as the risk for injuries to tissues of the MSK system. For females, some of these occur …

Disease prevalence rates differ for men and women; this comes as news neither to
physicians nor to laypersons. Likewise, women's life expectancies differ from those of men …

The association of female sex with certain rheumatic symptoms and diseases is now
indisputable. Some of the most striking examples of this association occur in individuals with …

Young female athletes experience a higher incidence of ligament injuries than their male
counterparts, females experience a higher incidence of joint hypermobility syndrome (a risk …

Estrogens and androgens influence the growth and maintenance of bones and muscles and
are responsible for their sexual dimorphism. A decline in their circulating levels leads to loss …

A prodigious increment of scientific evidence in both preclinical and clinical studies is
narrowing a major gap in knowledge regarding sex-specific biological responses observed …

Simple Summary Fracture healing is a complex process that includes a framework of events
triggered by tissue injury. Clinical experience with bone healing revealed a series of cellular …

It is time to take on the challenge of investigating the complex effect of fluctuating female
hormones on injury risk as this offers a chance to improve female athletes' health and …

Women are more likely than men to develop rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and recent data
suggest that they also suffer greater disability than men with this disease. The reasons for …

Abstract Purpose of Review Recent literature has sought to understand differences in fusion
failure, specifically considering how patient sex may play a role. Overall, there exists …