Ocean convection is a key mechanism that regulates heat uptake, water-mass
transformation, CO2 exchange, and nutrient transport with crucial implications for ocean …

In 1974, newly available satellite observations unveiled the presence of a giant ice-free
area, or polynya, within the Antarctic ice pack of the Weddell Sea, which persisted during the …

Abstract The subpolar North Atlantic is a site of significant carbon dioxide, oxygen, and heat
exchange with the atmosphere. This exchange, which regulates transient climate change …

In the process of open-ocean convection in the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean, surface water
sinks to depth as a distinct water mass, the characteristics of which affect the meridional …

Vertical mixing and deep convection are routinely parameterized in basin-scale and global
ocean general circulation models. These parameterizations are designed to work with …

Deep convection in the subpolar North Atlantic ventilates the ocean for atmospheric gases
through the formation of deep water masses. Variability in the intensity of deep convection is …

Abstract Purpose of Review We review our understanding of mechanisms underlying the
response of (sub) tropical clouds to global warming, highlight mechanisms that challenge …

The upper ocean surface layer is directly affected by the air-sea fluxes. The diurnal
variations in these fluxes also cause the upper ocean mixed layer turbulence and mixing to …

Deep convection is a key process in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, but
because it acts at small scales, it remains poorly resolved by climate models. The …

Global differences of temperature and buoyancy flux at the ocean surface are responsible
for small-scale convection at high latitudes, global overturning, and the top-to-bottom density …