Propensity score methods for confounding control in nonexperimental research

MA Brookhart, R Wyss, JB Layton… - … Quality and Outcomes, 2013 - Am Heart Assoc
Background Nonexperimental studies are increasingly used to investigate the safety and
effectiveness of medical products as they are used in routine care. One of the primary …

Propensity scores for confounder adjustment when assessing the effects of medical interventions using nonexperimental study designs

T Stürmer, R Wyss, RJ Glynn… - Journal of internal …, 2014 - Wiley Online Library
Abstract Treatment effects, especially when comparing two or more therapeutic alternatives
as in comparative effectiveness research, are likely to be heterogeneous across age …

A review of the application of propensity score methods yielded increasing use, advantages in specific settings, but not substantially different estimates compared with …

T Stürmer, M Joshi, RJ Glynn, J Avorn… - Journal of clinical …, 2006 - Elsevier
OBJECTIVE: Propensity score (PS) analyses attempt to control for confounding in
nonexperimental studies by adjusting for the likelihood that a given patient is exposed. Such …

An overview of the objectives of and the approaches to propensity score analyses

G Heinze, P Jüni - European heart journal, 2011 - academic.oup.com
The assessment of treatment effects from observational studies may be biased with patients
not randomly allocated to the experimental or control group. One way to overcome this …

Core concepts in pharmacoepidemiology: confounding by indication and the role of active comparators

R Sendor, T Stürmer - Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety, 2022 - Wiley Online Library
Confounding by indication poses a significant threat to the validity of nonexperimental
studies assessing effectiveness and safety of medical interventions. While no different from …

Propensity score methods for creating covariate balance in observational studies

CW Pattanayak, DB Rubin, ER Zell - Revista Española de Cardiología …, 2011 - Elsevier
Randomization of treatment assignment in experiments generates treatment groups with
approximately balanced baseline covariates. However, in observational studies, where …

Using internally developed risk models to assess heterogeneity in treatment effects in clinical trials

JF Burke, RA Hayward, JP Nelson… - … Quality and Outcomes, 2014 - Am Heart Assoc
Background—Recent proposals suggest that risk-stratified analyses of clinical trials be
routinely performed to better enable tailoring of treatment decisions to individuals. Trial data …

Good research practices for comparative effectiveness research: approaches to mitigate bias and confounding in the design of nonrandomized studies of treatment …

E Cox, BC Martin, T Van Staa, E Garbe… - Value in …, 2009 - Wiley Online Library
Objectives: The goal of comparative effectiveness analysis is to examine the relationship
between two variables, treatment, or exposure and effectiveness or outcome. Unlike data …

Adjusted analyses in studies addressing therapy and harm: users' guides to the medical literature

T Agoritsas, A Merglen, ND Shah, M O'Donnell… - Jama, 2017 - jamanetwork.com
Observational studies almost always have bias because prognostic factors are unequally
distributed between patients exposed or not exposed to an intervention. The standard …

Statistical and regulatory issues with the application of propensity score analysis to nonrandomized medical device clinical studies

LQ Yue - Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics, 2007 - Taylor & Francis
Propensity score analysis is a versatile statistical method used mainly in observational
studies for improving treatment comparison by adjusting for up to a relatively large number …