Plants have evolved a sophisticated innate immune system to cope with a diverse range of
phytopathogens and insect herbivores. Plasma-membrane-localized pattern recognition …

Plants are constantly exposed to pathogens in their immediate environment. Plants sense
the invasion of pathogens by recognizing the components including peptide fragments …

Many important cell-to-cell communication events in multicellular organisms are mediated
by peptides, but only a few peptides have been identified in plants. In an attempt to address …

Plants are confronted with several biotic stresses such as microbial pathogens and other
herbivores. To defend against such attackers, plants possess an array of pattern recognition …

Plant peptides secreted as signal molecular to trigger cell-to-cell signaling are
indispensable for plant growth and defense processes. Preciously, it is regraded some plant …

Plant defense responses against invading organisms are initiated through the perception of
molecules associated with attacking microbes and herbivores by pattern recognition …

In plants, innate immune responses are initiated by plasma membrane-located pattern
recognition receptors (PRRs) upon recognition of elicitors, including exogenous pathogen …

Plants have sophisticated innate immune systems based on the ability of individual cells to
sense danger. The system is activated upon the perception of elicitor molecules derived …

Highlights•Several classes of small peptides amplify danger pattern perception and
immunity.•Small peptides and their receptors regulate immune receptor complex …

Defense peptides protect multicellular eukaryotes from infections. In biomedical sciences, a
dominant conceptual framework refers to defense peptides as host-defense peptides …