The gastrointestinal tract of the human is inhabited by about 5× 1013 bacteria (of about
1,000 species) as well as archaea, fungi, and viruses. Gut microbiota is known to influence …

The microbial ecosystem that inhabits the gastrointestinal tract of all mammals—the gut
microbiota—has been in a symbiotic relationship with its hosts over many millennia. Thanks …

The human gut harbours trillions of symbiotic bacteria that play a key role in programming
different aspects of host physiology in health and disease. These intestinal microbes are …

The existence of a bidirectional communication system termed the “gut-brain axis” linking
the gastrointestinal tract with the brain has been recognized since the nineteenth century. In …

Purpose It is well established that mammals are so-called super-organisms that coexist with
a complex microbiota. Growing evidence points to the delicacy of this host–microbe interplay …

The gut microbiota–the trillions of bacteria that reside within the gastrointestinal tract–has
been found to not only be an essential component immune and metabolic health, but also …

The microbiota-gut-brain axis transmits bidirectional communication between the gut and
the central nervous system and links the emotional and cognitive centers of the brain with …

Only recently have we fully appreciated that the classically separated domains of neurology,
endocrinology, immunology and microbiology, with their various organs-the brain, glands …

Gut microbiota provides the host with multiple functions (eg, by contributing to food
digestion, vitamin supplementation, and defense against pathogenic strains) and interacts …

Several studies have shown that the gut microbiota influences behavior and, in turn,
changes in the immune system associated with symptoms of depression or anxiety disorder …