Abstract 'The Warburg effect'is one of the aberrant glucose metabolism pathways in cancer
cells that generate malignant phenotypes and promotes cancer progression. However, in …

Cancer cells do not exist as pure homogeneous populations in vivo. Instead they are
embedded in “cancer cell nests” that are surrounded by stromal cells, especially cancer …

Autophagy is a highly regulated‐cell pathway for degrading long‐lived proteins as well as
for clearing cytoplasmic organelles. Autophagy is a key contributor to cellular homeostasis …

Autophagy is a highly regulated cellular pathway for degrading long-lived proteins and is the
only known pathway for clearing cytoplasmic organelles. Autophagy is a major contributor to …

An old ideology of killing the cancer cells by starving them is the underlying concept of the
Warburg effect. It is the process of aerobic glycolysis exhibited by the cancer cells …

Metabolic reprogramming is one of the main characteristics of malignant tumors. The
metabolic reprogramming of tumors is not only related to the characteristics of cancer cells …

Compared to normal cells, cancer cells strongly upregulate glucose uptake and glycolysis to
give rise to increased yield of intermediate glycolytic metabolites and the end product …

Mitophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular process which selectively eliminates
dysfunctional mitochondria by targeting them to the autophagosome for degradation …

Aerobic glycolysis, ie., the Warburg effect, may contribute to the aggressive phenotype of
hepatocellular carcinoma. However, increasing evidence highlights the limitations of the …

We have recently proposed a new model for understanding how tumors evolve. To achieve
successful “Tumor‐Stroma Co‐Evolution”, cancer cells induce oxidative stress in adjacent …