Introduction: The MAPK pathway comprises several key signaling components and
phosphorylation events that play a role in tumorigenesis. These activated kinases transmit …

The identification of intracellular signaling cascades important for the growth and survival of
cancer cells has led to the development of targeted cancer therapeutics aimed at blocking …

The RAS–mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway has long been
viewed as an attractive pathway for anticancer therapies, based on its central role in …

The Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway mediates cellular
responses to different growth signals and is frequently deregulated in cancer. There are …

The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway, often known as the RAS-RAF-MEK-
ERK signal cascade, functions to transmit upstream signals to its downstream effectors to …

The Ras–MAP kinase pathway has attracted much attention from academic and
pharmaceutical laboratories because of its central role in regulating tumor cell growth and …

The mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are conserved proteins that regulate cell
growth, division and death. Although activated in the cytosol, the MAPKs translocate to the …

Simple Summary The Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK signaling pathway is responsible for regulating
cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Overexpression and overactivation of …

Since the discovery of the role of ras oncogenes in tumorigenesis, we have witnessed an
explosion of research in the signal transduction area. In the quest to understand how Ras …

Molecular target inhibitors have been regularly approved by Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) for tumor treatment, and most of them intervene in tumor cell proliferation and …