Physiological variability manifests itself via differences in physiological function between
individuals of the same species, and has crucial implications in disease progression and …

Across individuals within a population, several levels of variability are observed, from the
differential expression of ion channels at the molecular level, to the various action potential …

The traditional cardiac model-building paradigm involves constructing a composite model
using data collected from many cells. Equations are derived for each relevant cellular …

Cellular and ionic causes of variability in the electrophysiological activity of hearts from
individuals of the same species are unknown. However, improved understanding of this …

Key points Mathematical and computational models of cardiac physiology have been an
integral component of cardiac electrophysiology since its inception, and are collectively …

In cardiac electrophysiology, there exist many sources of inter-and intra-personal variability.
These include variability in conditions and environment, and genotypic and molecular …

Computational models of cardiac electrophysiology have a long history in basic science
applications and device design and evaluation, but have significant potential for clinical …

Models of electrical activation and recovery in cardiac cells and tissue have become
valuable research tools, and are beginning to be used in safety-critical applications …

Computational models in physiology often integrate functional and structural information
from a large range of spatiotemporal scales from the ionic to the whole organ level. Their …

Computational modeling of cardiac cellular electrophysiology has a long history, and many
models are now available for different species, cell types, and experimental preparations …