Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), as specialized task-oriented embedded field
devices, play a vital role in current industrial control systems (ICSs), which are composed of …

Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are indispensable in critical infrastructures and
industrial control systems. The increasing demand for enhanced cost-effectiveness and …

This paper provides a review of the state-of-the-art of major Programmable Logic Controller
(PLC) based devices along with their security concerns. It discusses, mainly, the threats and …

Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) make up a substantial part of critical infrastructures
(CIs) and industrial control systems (ICSs). They are programmed with a control logic that …

Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) automate the control and monitoring of physical
industrial and infrastructure processes such as power generation, gas pipelines, and water …

Open-source Programmable Logic Controller (OpenPLC) software is designed to be vendor-
natural and run on almost any computer or low-cost embedded devices eg, Raspberry Pi …

Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) have design features to enable operations, such as
real-time control of physical processes. These features have weaknesses, making PLCs …

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are increasingly connected and integrated into the
Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) for a better network connectivity and a more streamlined …

Vulnerability in industrial control systems (ICS) has increased radically in the past few
decades. This can be accounted to reasons including accessibility of ICS through Internet …

Cyber security risk assessments provide a crucial starting point towards the understanding
of existing risk exposure, via which suitable mitigation strategies can be formed. Risk is …