T-cell exhaustion was originally identified during chronic infection in mice, and was
subsequently observed in humans with cancer. The exhausted T cells in the tumor …

Immunotherapies have emerged as the most promising area in cancer treatments in recent
years. CD8+ T cells, as one of the primary effector cells of anticancer immunity, however …

CD8+ T cells play a crucial role in anti‐tumour immunity, but they often undergo exhaustion,
which affects the anti‐tumour activity of CD8+ T cells. The effect and mechanism of …

Immunotherapy plays an increasingly important role in the treatment of most malignant
tumors, and CD8+ T cells are the most important antitumor effector cells in the process of …

The immune system is capable of distinguishing between danger-and non-danger signals,
thus inducing either an appropriate immune response against pathogens and cancer or …

In chronic infections and cancer, T cells are exposed to persistent antigen and/or
inflammatory signals. This scenario is often associated with the deterioration of T cell …

Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of cancer in recent years and achieved
overall success and long‐term clinical benefit in patients with a wide variety of cancer types …

T lymphocytes play crucial roles in adaptive immune responses to tumors. However, due to
different tolerance mechanisms and inhibitory effects of the tumor microenvironment (TME) …

T cell exhaustion is a state of T cell dysfunction that arises during many chronic infections
and cancer. It is defined by poor effector function, sustained expression of inhibitory …

Tumor-specific CD8+ T cells are exposed to persistent antigenic stimulation which induces a
dysfunctional state called “exhaustion.” Though functioning to limit damage caused by …