Background and aims Sex hormones (SH) may contribute to sex differences in
cardiovascular disease (CVD). High free testosterone (T) and low sex hormone binding …

BACKGROUND: Conflicting findings exist regarding the associations of sex hormones with
subclinical atherosclerosis. METHODS: This is a substudy from MESA of 881 …

Context: The relationship between sex steroids and atherosclerosis is poorly understood.
Objective: To describe the association of serum total T (TT), calculated free T (cFT), estrone …

Background Sex differences in the incidence and manifestation of cardiovascular disease
(CVD) suggest the involvement of sex hormones in disease pathogenesis. Coronary artery …

Objectives Whether endogenous sex hormones play a role in cardiovascular disease (CVD)
risk in men is unclear. Few studies have examined associations of sex hormones with …

Context Epidemiological and preclinical data support cardiovascular, mainly protective,
effects of sex steroids in men, but the mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular actions of …

Sex differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD), including aortic stenosis, atherosclerosis
and cardiovascular calcification, are well documented. High levels of testosterone, the …

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine whether obesity modifies the effects of
endogenous steroid sex hormones on arterial calcification in women at midlife. Methods …

We examined cross-sectional associations between sex hormones and carotid artery intimal-
medial thickness (cIMT) and coronary artery calcium in women in the Multi-Ethnic Study of …

Background In industrialized populations, low male testosterone is associated with higher
rates of cardiovascular mortality. However, coronary risk factors like obesity impact both …