Hydrogels are an important class of biomaterials with the unique property of high‐water
content in a crosslinked polymer network. In particular, chemically crosslinked hydrogels …

Biopolymers are natural polymers sourced from plants and animals, which include a variety
of polysaccharides and polypeptides. The inclusion of biopolymers into biomedical …

Biomedical hydrogels as sole repair matrices or combined with pre-seeded cells and
bioactive growth factors are extensively applied in tissue engineering and regenerative …

Over the past decades, significant progress has been made in the field of hydrogels as
functional biomaterials. Biomedical application of hydrogels was initially hindered by the …

Hydrogels that can form spontaneously via covalent bond formation upon injection in vivo
have recently attracted significant attention for their potential to address a variety of …

Hydrogels are cross-linked polymeric networks swollen in water, physiological aqueous
solutions or biological fluids. They are synthesized by a wide range of polymerization …

The designs and applications of biomimetic hydrogels have become an important and
integral part of modern tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Many of these …

Hydrogels have been extensively investigated as biomaterials because of their excellent
biocompatibility, and recent developments such as 3D printing and the incorporation of …

Highlights•Nano/microstructures can be incorporated into the hydrogels by various physical
or chemical cross-linking methods.•Nano/microstructures can enhance the mechanical …

Self-assembled structures primarily arise through enzyme-regulated phenomena in nature
under persistent conditions. Enzymatic reactions are one of the main biological processes …