Cancer immunotherapy has been accompanied by promising results over the past few
years. Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1) plays a vital role in inhibiting immune …

Evasion of immune system is a hallmark of cancer, which enables cancer cells to escape the
attack from immune cells. Cancer cells can express many immune inhibitory signalling …

Immune evasion is a key strategy adopted by tumor cells to escape the immune system
while promoting their survival and metastatic spreading. Indeed, several mechanisms have …

Abstract Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on cancer cells engages with programmed
cell death-1 (PD-1) on immune cells, contributing to cancer immune escape. For multiple …

The molecular mechanisms underlying cancer immune escape are a core topic in cancer
immunology research. Cancer cells can escape T cell-mediated cellular cytotoxicity by …

The membrane-bound molecules programmed death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 (PD-
1/PD-L1) belong to the immune checkpoint pathway. PD-1 pathway downregulates effector …

Programmed cell death-ligand 2 (PD-L2) is one of the two ligands of the programmed cell
death-1 (PD-1) receptor, an inhibitory protein mainly expressed on activated immune cells …

Abstract Checkpoint programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligands (PD-Ls)
have been identified as negative immunoregulatory molecules that promote immune …

Over the course of past few years, cancer immunotherapy has been accompanied with
promising results. However, preliminary investigations with respect to immunotherapy …

The immunosuppressive molecule programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is frequently
upregulated in human cancers. Binding of PD-L1 to its receptor, programmed death-1 (PD …