Encapsulated development with extraembryonic yolk may lead to competition for nutrients
within egg capsules. In this research, different degrees of competition among embryos in …

The muricid gastropod Acanthina monodon deposits egg capsules in both subtidal and
intertidal environments. Intertidal egg capsules are naturally exposed during low tides to …

Encapsulated development in the intertidal environment can potentially expose developing
embryos to environmental stresses, particularly during low tides. Such stresses can affect …

Egg capsules of the gastropod Acanthina monodon were maintained during the entire
period of encapsulated development at three temperatures (10, 15, 20° C) and two pCO 2 …

Representatives of many plant and animal taxa enclose their embryos within some form of
protective structure. Inter‐and intraspecific differences in the morphology of these egg …

Most taxa of aquatic invertebrates exhibit (1) strong variation in number and size of offspring,
and (2) an association between adult size and mode of development, and also between …

Acanthina monodon commonly deposits its egg capsules in the intertidal zone. Capsule
aerial exposure during low-tide can impact oxygen consumption rates (OCR) of embryos …

Encapsulating species face more constraints than active brooders in adjusting oxygen
supply to the needs of the embryos. Therefore, the packing of embryos in gelatinous egg …

Intracapsular development is common in marine gastropods. In many species, embryos
develop alongside nurse eggs, which provide nutrition during ontogeny. The common whelk …

Encapsulated embryos are generally thought to play an active role in escaping from egg
capsules or egg masses. However, for species that brood their egg capsules, the factors …